This is where your rear wheel’s hub fits into the frame. This determines what rear wheel and hub is compatible with your frame.
Most older frames: Quick-release dropouts; 130mm wide on road bikes and 135mm wide on mountain bikes. Vintage bikes are often 126mm and fixed-gear track frames are 120mm.
Newer mountain bike frames: 12x148mm Boost spacing is the current standard — older models may use the 12x142mm thru-axle standard.
Super-Boost spacing: 157x12mm. This is seen on some new mountain bike models.
New road and gravel bikes: 12x142mm thru-axles (some odd models use the less common 135mm width).